The term ‘symbiosis’ means living together, and symbiotic relationships are close or intimate relationships between members of two different species. The animals involved have evolved together, and over the years, they have adapted to rely on each other. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called mutualism. This kind of relationship is common in the animal kingdom but is rare in mammals, except among primates. Therefore, experts were surprised to observe the interaction between warthogs and mongooses at the Mweya Peninsula in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Fortunately, a BBC documentary crew captured this interaction, and you can watch it in this YouTube clip. The video shows a large warthog receiving a grooming session from a group of mongooses. Let’s examine this relationship more closely.
What’s in It for the Warthog?
Warthogs have dangerous tusks.
©Peter van Dam/Shutterstock.com
The warthog is totally relaxed in this video. It approaches the mongooses, lies down, and allows them to lift its legs. Some of the mongooses even climb onto its back. But is this normal behavior for a warthog? Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) are found outside forested areas in Africa. They are usually seen in open and wooded savannas, grass steppes, and semi-desert areas. In family groups, they graze on roots and the bark of young trees.
However, don’t let their somewhat comical appearance fool you. These are large animals, and adults can weigh up to 330 pounds. They are also fast and know exactly how to use their large tusks with devastating effect. Their tusks are formed from their upper and lower canine teeth. The edges are sharpened against the lower edge of the upper canine, making them dangerous weapons. Warthogs are not known for their aggression, but will defend themselves when threatened by other animals. On this occasion, however, the warthog has chosen not to react aggressively toward the mongooses.
A few types of ectoparasites are found on the skin of warthogs. These include ticks, lice, and fleas. By removing these parasites, the mongooses relieve the warthog of itchy pests and help keep its skin healthy by reducing bites and preventing diseases these insects may carry.
What’s in It for the Mongoose?
A group of banded mongooses looks after vulnerable members.
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The banded mongoose is also native to Africa and is mainly found south of the Sahara. They inhabit grasslands, woodlands, and rocky areas. They are small animals, weighing up to 52 ounces. As seen in the clip, they live in packs that can contain up to 40 members. A dominant pack member resolves any disputes. The pack is very caring toward its members. They care for less capable individuals by warning them of danger and grooming them. If they cannot escape danger, they form a huddle around the most vulnerable members. Yet, in this clip, the mongooses are approaching potential danger! This is because the warthog provides a source of food. Mongooses generally feed on insects, and a large warthog is like a walking insect buffet for them. They even risk being squashed to secure a meal.
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