House Republicans advanced their “big, beautiful bill” full of President Trump’s legislative priorities early Thursday morning, overcoming a key procedural hurdle after a dramatic vote that GOP leaders left open for hours to quell an internal revolt.
The chamber voted 219-213 to adopt a rule governing debate on Trump’s domestic agenda, opening up discussion on the megabill and teeing up a final vote on the package.
The vote was something of a gamble for Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.), who has faced opposition to the legislation from various corners of his ideologically diverse conference. Heading into the rule vote, conservatives had warned that they would sink the procedural measure unless it was delayed beyond Wednesday.
Johnson called their bluff, held the vote open for more than five hours, and then adopted the rule after winning enough support — an effort that got a big boost from Trump, who spoke with some of the holdouts during the long, midnight impasse.
In a dramatic — and unusual — moment, Johnson convened the group of GOP holdouts on the floor and the group prayed together shortly before the vote closed. Johnson then snapped a photo of the GOP critics on the House floor.
Live updates: Republicans tee up final vote on Trump megabill
Adoption of the rule sets the stage for Johnson and his leadership team to pass the legislation later Thursday morning, well ahead of their self-imposed July 4 deadline. The Senate had passed the same bill on Tuesday, so the legislation will head directly to Trump’s desk, where he’s expected to sign it with a ceremonial flourish on Independence Day.
The chamber adopted the rule after a whirlwind of an afternoon on Capitol Hill, which saw a different procedural vote stall for more than seven hours as holdouts huddled with Johnson and White House aides behind closed doors. It marked the longest vote in House history.
Hardline conservatives have hammered the “big, beautiful bill,” wary that it cuts too little in federal spending and piles too much onto the national debt. Those concerns only grew after the package returned from the Senate, which had altered the initial House bill in ways that increased deficit spending.
On Wednesday morning, a number of hardline conservatives had vowed to vote against the rule if it came to the floor. By Wednesday evening, those warnings had softened slightly. But shortly before the House rule hit the floor, several spending hawks told reporters that if Johnson called the vote they would abstain, requesting more time to learn the details of the Senate-passed bill.
The Speaker called the vote anyway, successfully calling their bluff and allowing the tenuous process to move forward. Leadership called the vote minutes after Trump urged Republicans to approve the megabill Wednesday night.
“It looks like the House is ready to vote tonight. We had GREAT conversations all day, and the Republican House Majority is UNITED, for the Good of our Country, delivering the Biggest Tax Cuts in History and MASSIVE Growth. Let’s go Republicans, and everyone else – MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!” Trump wrote on Truth Social.
But then leaders were forced to again hold a vote open for more than five hours to solidify support.
For several hours, it stalled at four GOP “no” votes and 10 Republicans withholding their vote. Johnson and his leadership team could be seen speaking with the holdouts, which included both moderate and conservative Republicans, in a bid to win their support.
Eventually, two of the holdouts voted to advance the measure, but Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) flipped his “yes” vote to “no,” putting the tally at 207 to 217.
Several hours later, the president spoke directly with some of the holdouts, including Reps. Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.) Tim Burchett (R-Tenn.) and Massie. Not long afterward, Johnson announced that he’d secured the votes to pass the rule.
All eight Republicans who hadn’t cast a ballot voted for the rule, and four flipped their votes to “yes.” Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick (R-Pa.) was the sole remaining GOP “no” vote.
The House will now proceed to debate on the “big, beautiful bill” and then a vote on final passage, which Johnson said he expected around 8 or 8:30 a.m.
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